ASTM D7206-2006 含金属的流化裂化催化剂(FCC)的循环钝化的标准指南
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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforCyclicDeactivationofFluidCatalyticCracking(FCC)CatalystswithMetals
【原文标准名称】:含金属的流化裂化催化剂(FCC)的循环钝化的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMD7206-2006
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2006
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D32.04
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:催化剂;催化;周期的;钝化;流化裂化;金属
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:Thisguidedescribestechniquesofdeactivationthatcanbeusedtocompareaseriesofcrackingcatalystsatequilibriumconditionsortosimulatetheequilibriumconditionsofaspecificcommercialunitandaspecificcatalyst.1.1Thisguidecoversthedeactivationoffluidcatalyticcracking(FCC)catalystinthelaboratoryasaprecursortosmallscaleperformancetesting.FCCcatalystsaredeactivatedinthelaboratoryinordertosimulatetheagingthatoccursduringcontinuoususeinacommercialfluidcatalyticcrackingunit(FCCU).Deactivationforpurposesofthisguideconstituteshydrothermaldeactivationofthecatalystandmetalpoisoningbynickelandvanadium.HydrothermaltreatmentisusedtosimulatethephysicalchangesthatoccurintheFCCcatalystthroughrepeatedregenerationcycles.Hydrothermaltreatment(steaming)destabilizesthefaujasite(zeoliteY),resultinginreducedcrystallinityandsurfacearea.Furtherdecompositionofthecrystallinestructureoccursinthepresenceofvanadium,andtoalesserextentinthepresenceofnickel.Vanadiumisbelievedtoformvanadicacidinahydrothermalenvironmentresultingindestructionofthezeoliticportionofthecatalyst.NickelsprincipleeffectistopoisontheselectivityoftheFCCcatalyst.Hydrogenandcokeproductionisincreasedinthepresenceofnickel,duetothedehydrogenationactivityofthemetal.Vanadiumalsoexhibitssignificantdehydrogenationactivity,thedegreeofwhichcanbeinfluencedbytheoxidationandreductionconditionsprevailingthroughoutthedeactivationprocess.Thesimulationofthemetaleffectsthatonewouldseecommerciallyispartoftheobjectiveofdeactivatingcatalystsinthelaboratory.1.2Thetwobasicapproachestolaboratory-scalesimulationofcommercialequilibriumcatalystsdescribedinthisguideareasfollows:1.2.1CyclicPropyleneSteaming(CPS)Methodinwhichthecatalystisimpregnatedwiththedesiredmetalsviaanincipientwetnessprocedure(Mitchellmethod)followedbyaprescribedsteamdeactivation.1.2.2Crack-onMethodsinwhichfreshcatalystissubjectedtoarepetitivesequenceofcracking(usingafeedwithenhancedmetalsconcentrations),stripping,andregenerationinthepresenceofsteam.Twospecificproceduresarepresentedhere,aprocedurewithalternatingmetaldepositionanddeactivationstepsandamodifiedTwo-Stepprocedure,whichincludesacyclicdeactivationprocesstotargetlowervanadiumdehydrogenationactivity.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:G74
【国际标准分类号】:71_040_30
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【原文标准名称】:含金属的流化裂化催化剂(FCC)的循环钝化的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMD7206-2006
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2006
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D32.04
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:催化剂;催化;周期的;钝化;流化裂化;金属
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:Thisguidedescribestechniquesofdeactivationthatcanbeusedtocompareaseriesofcrackingcatalystsatequilibriumconditionsortosimulatetheequilibriumconditionsofaspecificcommercialunitandaspecificcatalyst.1.1Thisguidecoversthedeactivationoffluidcatalyticcracking(FCC)catalystinthelaboratoryasaprecursortosmallscaleperformancetesting.FCCcatalystsaredeactivatedinthelaboratoryinordertosimulatetheagingthatoccursduringcontinuoususeinacommercialfluidcatalyticcrackingunit(FCCU).Deactivationforpurposesofthisguideconstituteshydrothermaldeactivationofthecatalystandmetalpoisoningbynickelandvanadium.HydrothermaltreatmentisusedtosimulatethephysicalchangesthatoccurintheFCCcatalystthroughrepeatedregenerationcycles.Hydrothermaltreatment(steaming)destabilizesthefaujasite(zeoliteY),resultinginreducedcrystallinityandsurfacearea.Furtherdecompositionofthecrystallinestructureoccursinthepresenceofvanadium,andtoalesserextentinthepresenceofnickel.Vanadiumisbelievedtoformvanadicacidinahydrothermalenvironmentresultingindestructionofthezeoliticportionofthecatalyst.NickelsprincipleeffectistopoisontheselectivityoftheFCCcatalyst.Hydrogenandcokeproductionisincreasedinthepresenceofnickel,duetothedehydrogenationactivityofthemetal.Vanadiumalsoexhibitssignificantdehydrogenationactivity,thedegreeofwhichcanbeinfluencedbytheoxidationandreductionconditionsprevailingthroughoutthedeactivationprocess.Thesimulationofthemetaleffectsthatonewouldseecommerciallyispartoftheobjectiveofdeactivatingcatalystsinthelaboratory.1.2Thetwobasicapproachestolaboratory-scalesimulationofcommercialequilibriumcatalystsdescribedinthisguideareasfollows:1.2.1CyclicPropyleneSteaming(CPS)Methodinwhichthecatalystisimpregnatedwiththedesiredmetalsviaanincipientwetnessprocedure(Mitchellmethod)followedbyaprescribedsteamdeactivation.1.2.2Crack-onMethodsinwhichfreshcatalystissubjectedtoarepetitivesequenceofcracking(usingafeedwithenhancedmetalsconcentrations),stripping,andregenerationinthepresenceofsteam.Twospecificproceduresarepresentedhere,aprocedurewithalternatingmetaldepositionanddeactivationstepsandamodifiedTwo-Stepprocedure,whichincludesacyclicdeactivationprocesstotargetlowervanadiumdehydrogenationactivity.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:G74
【国际标准分类号】:71_040_30
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:
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